Architecture - Cathedrals and Great Churches - Part 2

Church of Holy Apostles
Athens
Greek Cross Plan

Cathedrals and great churches often exhibit a range of architectural forms that are distinctive and recognizable. Here are descriptions of the key elements you mentioned:

Axis: The architectural design of cathedrals is typically oriented along an east-west axis. This symbolic alignment usually places the altar at the eastern end, symbolizing the direction of Jerusalem and the coming of Christ, and the main entrance at the western end.

Nave: The nave is the central part of a cathedral, extending from the entrance (west end) to the transept (if present) or choir. It is typically flanked by aisles separated by columns or piers. The nave serves as the main congregational area and is often the largest and tallest space in the church.

Transept: The transept is an area set crosswise to the nave, forming a cruciform (cross-shaped) layout. It lies between the nave and the choir and often projects beyond the sides of the nave, creating the arms of the cross. This design enhances the symbolic representation of the cross and provides additional space for altars or chapels.

Vertical Emphases: Vertical emphasis is a hallmark of Gothic architecture, seen in the tall spires, pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. These elements draw the eye upward, creating a sense of reaching toward the heavens and emphasizing the grandeur and spiritual aspirations of the structure.

West Front: The west front of a cathedral is often the most elaborately decorated part, serving as the main entrance. It typically features large portals, sculptures, rose windows, and towers or spires. This facade is designed to impress and inspire awe in visitors and worshippers.

East Front: The east front, where the altar is usually located, often includes the apse, a semicircular or polygonal termination of the choir. It may have radiating chapels and large stained-glass windows to allow natural light to illuminate the altar area. The east end is typically less ornate than the west front but still highly significant in its design and decoration.

These elements together create the distinctive and majestic appearance of cathedrals and great churches, reflecting both their spiritual significance and architectural innovation.

Pisa Cathedral
Latin Cross